Contents

Hello Sine

The simplest patch

Every Akkado program is a signal flow graph. The smallest one is a sine wave sent to the output:

sine(440) |> out(@)

Click Run above to hear a 440 Hz sine wave (concert A).

Understanding the code

  • sine(440) - a sine wave oscillator at 440 Hz
  • |> - the pipe operator, connecting nodes in the signal flow
  • @ - the hole, the signal coming in from the left side of the pipe
  • out(@) - sends the signal to both left and right speakers

Changing the frequency

Try other frequencies:

// Lower octave (220 Hz)
sine(220) |> out(@)
// Higher octave (880 Hz)
sine(880) |> out(@)

Adding more oscillators

Combine multiple oscillators with math operators:

// Two detuned oscillators for a fatter sound
sine(440) + sine(442) |> out(@) * 0.5

The * 0.5 at the end reduces the volume so it doesn’t clip.

Different waveforms

osc() covers all the basic waveforms; pass the name as the first argument:

// Sawtooth - rich and buzzy
saw(220) |> out(@)
// Triangle - softer than sawtooth
tri(220) |> out(@)
// Square - hollow and punchy
sqr(220) * 0.3 |> out(@)

Next steps

Layer waveforms, modulate the frequency with math, or head to the Filters tutorial to start shaping these raw tones.